Building Material

Introduction Timber, as a construction material, is relatively eco-friendly. One analyses the environmental feasibility of a material on the basis of the effect it has on the environment during manufacture, construction of the facility and energy use after constructing the house.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Building Material – Timber specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This refers to the green house gases released by the product as well as the total amount of energy required during the lifecycle of the material. Some materials may consume plenty of energy during construction but may lead to energy savings during occupation of the facility. Timber in floor construction Timber manufacture results in minimal by-products and even the relatively small amounts that do come about can be recycled. For instance, they can make mulch or generate heat in kilns (Hanson 2000). Members of the population are concerned a bout native plantations as well as forests. Not only do these areas act as habitats for biological species like plants and wildlife, they are also important sources of recreation and stabilize soil properties in those settings. Forests serve a host of other functions in the country’s ecology. Therefore, when architects choose the material, they may disturb these natural settings and the organisms that rely on them. Nonetheless, proper planning for their use can mitigate the problem. Plantation forests are an environmentally sustainable method of sourcing for timber. These areas are well managed as pre-planned building sites that have been created specifically for manmade uses. Manufacturers would need to liaise with timber associations in charge of these areas to source the materials (National Timber and Development Council Australia 2001). Energy requirements for preparing timber for construction are relatively lower than the ones used by other construction materials. The on ly process that consumes a lot of energy is drying. This stage accounts for three-quarter of the energy consumption.Advertising Looking for report on architecture? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In a mill, workers often rely on wood cuttings from the same timber to provide heat energy. Only minimal gas and electricity is needed for this material. Usually, the latter sources account for 15% of the energy used. It is possible to rely on kilns that consume solar energy as described by the Department of Conservation and Land Management. Timber in the form of clad can consume 31,020 MJ for construction and will need 24,750 MJ for a forty-year maintenance period. Brick veneer timber requires 92,565 MJ for construction and 0 MJ for maintenance. Double-brick needs 141,900 MJ for construction and O MJ for maintenance. Aerated concrete consumes 76,560 MJ for construction and 24, 750 MJ of energy for maintenance. Finally, steel takes up 75,900 MJ in production and 24,750 for a forty-year maintenance period (University of Tasmania 2013). In comparison to the other materials, veneer timber is the most favourable because it has low energy needs. Steel may require much less energy than timber but it is not practical for floors. In the manufacture of building products, timber has promising results with regard to green house gas emission. Steel releases about 5,320 kg/m3 of carbon into the atmosphere and retains no carbon. Aluminium has one of the most unfavourable figures for carbon emission. About 22,000 kg/m3 of the element will enter the atmosphere during manufacture of the product/ concrete releases a relatively small amount – 120 kg/m3 will enter the atmosphere during the creation of this material but no carbon will be retained.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Building Material – Timber specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Conversel y, sawn timber only releases a modest 15kg/m3 of carbon. It is the only material among typical construction materials that stores carbon. Construction allows timber to retain 250 kg/m3 of the element (Hardy 2008). The product requires minimal intervention during construction thus explaining why it produces very impressive results. Timber causes negligible site disturbance as professionals can manipulate the material to accommodate environmental goals. First, the material allows for planning flexibility. For instance, one can think about the number of trees that one intends on using and then work around it. Most timber floors are raised from the ground. This means that one can follow the topography of a site without having to dig, fill in, or change drainages for the material. In comparison, concrete floors would require disruption of the natural landscape of an area. If several buildings are constructed with such materials, then their topography will be altered (Tam Tam 2006). Duri ng the construction of timber floors, one will require relatively fewer materials and workers than other conventional materials. Timber is easier to lift than products like concrete, so one would not need to invest in as many personnel or equipment as these conventional products.Advertising Looking for report on architecture? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Even the time one takes to create the building would be dramatically reduced if one switched from the latter products to timber. Wooden components are standardized and easy to use. Therefore, employees would need to spend a short time in preparing the material for assembly (Hugo 2012). When one builds a house floor with timber, one would need to consider the environmental impact of the item after construction. In this aspect, concerns about biological damage must be addressed. Fungi, termites or other insects can attack a natural building material like timber unless precautionary measures are taken. This means that the durability of the house may be put into question. One may need to repair or construct a new house in the place of the damaged ones (Bjornfot 2006). During the use of the house, timber floors have a certain advantage that other building materials may not offer. Lightweight timber accords users sufficient comfort in hot climates. Timber cools rapidly at night thus provi ding relatively cool rooms. This would eliminate the need for an air conditioner and would thus save energy for occupants. Australians spend a relatively high percent of their energy bill on thermal comfort. These refer to fans or air conditioners when temperatures increase. Therefore, a building material that eliminates the need to use these processes would be quite welcome (Leicester 2001). On the other hand, if a house has reached its life limit, timber is more eco friendly than other building materials. This material is easily recyclable as the timber elements may be used for other purposes. For instance, it could be used to make paper, as a fuel source, and as composite when it biodegrades. Therefore, wastage is limited for the product since building materials often last longer than the building itself. Inorganic products like concrete have very little recycling application (University of Tasmania 2013). Conclusion Timber is a flexible and eco-friendly material for floor constr uction. It has impressive energy consumption rates in manufacture and its carbon emissions are also satisfactory. In addition, the product does not cause site interference and easily adopts to landscapes. Timber house construction is not costly as the material is easy to move. It accords thermal comfort and eliminates the need to use external sources of energy. It is recyclable as the construction material has numerous applications. On the other hand, issues of termite and fungi attack as well as forest destruction must be addressed before selecting the material. References Bjornfot, A 2006, An exploration of lean thinking for multi-storey timber housing construction. Web. Hanson, W 2000, Roman military timber buildings: Construction and reconstruction, National Maritime Museum, Greenwich. Hardy, A 2008, ‘Timber frame construction’, Batiment International Building Research and Practice, vol. 13 no. 5, pp. 306-309. Hugo, S 2012, Timber framed construction, Wilhelm Ernst and Sohn, Verlag. Leicester, R 2001, ‘Engineered durability for timber construction’, Progress in Structural Engineering and Materials, vol. 3 no. 3, pp.216-227. National Timber and Development Council Australia 2001, Environmentally friendly housing using timber –principles, Forest and Wood Products, Queensland. Tam, V Tam, C 2006, ‘A review on the viable technology for construction waste recycling’, Resources, Conservation and Recycling, vol. 47 no. 3, pp. 209-221. University of Tasmania 2013, Timber building in Australia. Web. This report on Building Material – Timber was written and submitted by user Dorothy R. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. 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How Far Women Have Come essays

How Far Women Have Come essays It is truly amazing to see how far things have come for women over the last century. So many freedoms are so easily taken for granted everyday. The stories I read opened my eyes and even shocked me a little to situations I never considered or was aware of. Thanks to the convictions and courage of so many women we have been able to emerge form insubordinate creatures to people, actual citizens, with rights, freedoms, needs, and control over what happens to our bodies, our children, our community, and our government. Relating too far back in time to the actual roles of women and their place in society is very difficult, almost impossible to do. A small group of women, led by Elizabeth Cady Stanton, started what would be an incredibly long journey in pursuing the most basic of human rights for women. The Declaration of Sentiments was a document signed by hundreds of women at the Convention of Seneca Falls in 1848. This document, and the articles it contained, is the foundation of the rights and liberties several women would devote their entire life to making a reality for all. I found Susan B. Anthonys argument in her defense against legal charges for voting in the presidential election, extremely articulate and moving. Her arguments were so compelling and worded so eloquently as if anyone who had merely glanced at the constitution would have to support her stance. There are few people that can say so much in so little words. Stantons Introduction to The Womens Bible is also a very powerfu l argument. It takes another person pointing out how women are inferior and subordinate in the religion that they so strongly and actively support. It reminds of women today talking about quietly getting men to do what they want by making them think that whatever the situation is was the mans idea. I feel like we figured this one out from years of experience. Along with the Declaration of Sentiments, The Introduction to ...

The Effects of Cryotherapy in Relieving Post-arthroscopy Pain Essay

The Effects of Cryotherapy in Relieving Post-arthroscopy Pain - Essay Example This paper outlines that the study delved deeper into a 59 individuals got involved. The procedure was to administer Cryotherapy whereby, 33 persons were given while 26 used as a control group. Moreover, 10 minutes was the timespan made utility of in three separate counts, and the large number of the control group came from the weakness of the experiment. The application of the ice packing became key for application after recovering from the effects of anesthesia. The strength of the design was witnessed in the success of the objectives laid down. Using ice within a plastic bag enhanced the action of the Cryotherapy, and lessened levels of pain felt. Statistically, the levels reduced from 5-2 after the Cryotherapy process. The control group, on the other hand, recorded a decrease from 4-3. It proved the use of Cryotherapy in combination with ice to be an approach that is simple, tenable and less costly in achieving post arthroscopy pain. Right from educational level to service domain , the procedure needs embracing and regarded as a standard treatment protocol.

How Monetary and Fiscal Policies were Implemented during the Recession Essay

How Monetary and Fiscal Policies were Implemented during the Recession - Essay Example In order to curb this, the government of the United States, and the international monetary fund, took some micro and macroeconomic measures to curb this trend, which led to a great economic down turn. This was achieved by using some monetary and fiscal policies. The monetary process is the process through which the central bank and other money rendering institutions of a country controls the supply of money, the availability of money and the cost of money or the interest rate so that they can achieve a certain common objective. These objectives are done towards the growth and stability of the economy. The monetary policies can be either the contractionary or the expansionary objective. The aim of the expansionary policy increases the total supply of money in the economy, while the contractionary policies decrease the supply of money in the economy. ... It is the mandate of the federal reserve of the United States to enact the monetary policies. Board of governors runs the Federal Reserve. The factors, which they considered and applied to curb inflationary tendencies, are the reserve requirements, discount rate, open market operations, and printing money. Most banks in many countries changed the reserve requirements to encourage more banks to start in order to increases the amount of money circulating in the economy. The central banks of these countries have the authority to change the amount that banks should hold in the central bank so that they can be given the right to operate. In the US, the Federal Reserve has the supremacy to set the quantity of the deposits that the associate banks can deposit in order to be given the mandate to operate. To curb the recession, the FED decreased the amount of reserve deposits. The motive was to encourage more investors in the banking industry therefore increasing the amount of money circulati ng in the economy. This monetary objective achieved its goal since more banks had more money at hand, which increased spending, and possibly inflation (East Tennessee State University web). The other monetary policy used was the discount rate. Discount rate is the discount on the rate of interest rate that the Federal Reserve charges on the banks on the money that they borrow from the Federal Reserve. The central banks decreased or lowered the discount rate during recession. Their objective was to encourage the banks to borrow money from the central banks at a lower rate to increase the amount of money circulating in the economy. This would in turn encourage

People Resourcing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

People Resourcing - Essay Example The year 2008 saw the economic market hit a bump in a rather smooth road that it was enjoying over the last decade. The year saw the emergence of the global financial crisis that hit the job market all over the world and it has seemed difficult for the market to regain its stable shape. Banks have increased their lending rates over time making it rather difficult for entrepreneurs and other businesses to borrow money from them and consequently expansion of businesses has reduced drastically. This is important information for companies that may seek to continue with traditional trends of haphazard recruitment (McKenna & Beech, 2002, 234). With the minimal number of expansions made by companies, it has become rather difficult for more employment opportunities to pop up in these businesses, which has been a major factor to observe when considering people resourcing. This is from this that companies have faced challenges in that every business seeks to offer more employment opportunities in an effort to improve the quality of its brand or reach a greater market (Roberts, 2000, 164). However, the money required to pay the new employees has become hard to make and thus it is important for employers to reduce the recruitment rates for their companies in an effort to cope with the current market trends. Human Resourcing is very important to a company in different ways. One other manner through which it helps a company is in terms of assisting the organization in achieving both contemporary and future business needs. Human Resourcing incorporates the aspect of having employees carry out different activities in an effort to achieve the various goals that a company sets. One of the major needs that a company has both short term and long term is the attainment of a large profit margin. This is important for the company to bear the ability to maintain existing business assets and in an effort to obtain others for the eventual growth of the company. Businesses should underst and that this is attained by having personnel specialized in various fields that makes it easier for the management of the company to coordinate the activities of each person (Bloisi, 2007, 43). Human Resourcing is also important in that with a large number of personnel and the business products reaching out a great number of people, there are increased chances of investor opportunities in the business. In the contemporary environment and with the existing tough market, investors have started decreasing the amount of investments they make on companies that do not offer the required results. However, an increase in personnel and a larger network of workers ensures that not only the business provides quality products for the customers, but also that the products reach out to a larger community. A combination of both the quality and a large network of workers brings in new investors interested in the company and subsequently growth of the company is assured (Beardwell, Holden & Claydon , 2010, 127). Manufacturing jobs have had the greatest impact on the economy of many different countries. However, contemporary market trends have revealed that the service sector has began making more profits as

Recommendations to Furniture Works on creating a global structure

Recommendations to Furniture Works on creating a global structure Multinational Companies A Multinational Company is defined as an enterprise which is operating in several countries but managed from one home country  [1]  . They have their headquarters in one country but operate on different countries known as host country. Numerous examples of these organizations are Ford, General Motors, Dell, Microsoft, Google, Siemens etc. There are obvious benefits for companies to expand their business to other countries. Few of them are cost advantages such as cheap labor, reduce transport and distribution cost, constant supplies of raw materials, and avoid any trade barriers  [2]  . Companies which do business overseas face many challenges. Cultural challenge is one among them. As we have seen from experience companies which tend to do more research and spend time and effort to study and understand the cultural differences is more successful than the companies which dont do their homework. Let us take an example where Mr. X wants to expand his Pizza business from United States to India. The cultural difference between India and U.S is a huge obstacle which needs to be studied by Hofstede cultural dimensional model. Cost structures, eating habits, trade barriers are few important variables which needs to be studied before setting up an franchise. One must try to differentiate what are the major differences between U.S and Indian culture? How these differences are going to affect the business? What are the measures need to be taken to avoid these risks? What kind of work ethic do Indian employees follow? Is it different from U.S? In U.S they follow very competitive work ethic which means profitability comes first. Mr. X shouldnt expect the same level of work ethic from Indian employees. He needs to be patient for the business to grow and yield profits. Next he must work on his brand. In U.S branding and creating a image to a company makes many loyal customers which he needs to work on with the new Indian market which will take time and effort and he should choose his advertisement carefully for Indian culture. Also Indians prefer traditional food so Mr. X should work on how he can market his fast food into the market  [3]  . The CEO, Furniture Works, South London. U.K REPORT ON RECOMMENDATION AND REFLECTIONS FOR FURNITURE WORKS TO EXPAND ITS PRODUCTION ABROAD GLOBALY: This report is for Furniture Works, South London, which is proposed to start Internet Sales. The company plans to establish its production function abroad. Initially it is working and conducting business in UK locally but there are future prospects for global expansion plans. As a Management consultant, my functions involve examining and analyzing alternative organizational and communication system the main idea behind this move is to develop a Virtual ORGANIZATION. With reference to the above all discussion and my evaluation here are my recommendation for effective Global structure for Furniture Works. Licensing- My first recommendation in phase of establishing business across the world for furniture works must get Revocable written formal or implied agreement by an authority or proprietor from the host country according to their Law. Joint Venture- My second recommendation for Furniture Works is to establish a Joint Venture with the local firms in the host country through this Furniture Works can formed to achieve its objectives of a partnership like temporary and permanent arrangement between two or more firms for its business success. Consortia-My Third recommendation for Furniture Works is Consortia its a Japans Term which means Cross ownership Agreement between Firms. For firms such as Furniture Works who want to expand their business internationally, it is inevitable for them to face the cultural challenge. Further I recommend following Business Strategies for Furniture Works: Globalization Strategy- organization like furniture Works should go through the process by which regional economies, societies, and cultures have become integrated through a global network of communication, transportation, and trade. Multi domestic Strategy- Another powerful strategy for Multinational Company like Furniture work is multi domestic Strategy. This means production of business within local community. Production, supply, Research and development and marketing are established nationally where business is done. After the business is moulded and developed locally innovation comes into picture which means there is decentralization which being outsourced locally  [4]  . Global Challenges- till now the Furniture Work is managing its business in U.K. for going to start business and getting expansion as Virtual Organization the Furniture Works should be ready to face Global Challenges like: Complexity and differentiation with different cultures and nations. For making better business environment sometimes big organization have to be ready for integration with local organization at host country. While establishing business links with different countries the Furniture Works should transfer its knowledge to local employees at host country. Finally I am recommending to the Management of Furniture Works how to Coordinate with its new companies worldwide. Global Teams- Furniture Works have to depend on teams working at international boundaries for the improvement of the business. In Multinational organizations such teams at the board level, product-development, and multi-cultural teams from various functions responsible for the global alignment of functional business processes. Headquarters Planning- Being an International Company the Furniture Works Headquarters must be in London, Which is its homeland country. Expanded Coordination Roles- Furniture Works should creating a supportive and enabling environment for the implementation its products selling in all those companies around the world. Bureaucratic Organization- Very large organizations which are well structured and well defined may be termed as bureaucratic organization. The main elements of such as organization is standard use of protocols and procedure to perform a particular task and high degree of control to make sure any particular task is performed to the standards  [5]  . There are two types of bureaucratic organization which are as follows, Standard bureaucracy : These type of company normally do standard routine work where large technical staffs led by mid level managers led by senior management. Professional bureaucracy: This type of company also does standard work but relies on efficient performance and complex in nature where the company hierarchy has only few mid-level managers. Flat Organization: Flat organization tends to have few level of hierarchy which means chain of control is short. This makes high level of employee involvement in decision making which increases team morale and spirit. This structure can be successful only in small organization. Boundary less Organization: This type of organization is of contemporary approach as they cant be defined or limited to or draws lines or boundary which is why the name boundary less organization came. Flexible and unstructured approach seems to be successful and many companies have started this approach after Jack Welch of GE coined this term.

Violence :: essays research papers

Violence What do all of these scenes have in common: a small figure jumping on another figure's head, a man stabbing a woman with a pencil in the hand, and a man punching another man in the face? Violence. What is the difference between these three scenes? One is a scene from a video game, another is from a new, popular movie, and one can be seen in real life. In a popular video game you have a little character named Mario who is supposed to rescue Princess Toadstool. In doing so he has to jump on certain characters' heads in order to kill them. It is scenes like this that the government wants to outlaw. How can the government limit the amount of violence a kid sees in his or her childhood because the only way is to remove the kid's eyes just so he or she couldn't see the violence? Of course the kid can still hear the violence, so what are they going to do, cut off the kid's ears too? After that, the kid would be safe from seeing and hearing violence. What could the kid do after that? Violence is just a part of human nature; it may be a part that civilized humans suppress in order to try to have law and order. Law and order are two things that just seem like guidelines from which a kid bases his or her rebellion. Just like in Columbine High School there was a small group of kids who were willing to break the law because there were restrict ions on what they could do. And because they were teased by some of the kids, and to them it might have felt like the whole school was coming down on them, they got their revenge in one way possible. Although we will never know exactly why, even though they left a note, they rebelled against the system like they did; we will never know because they are now dead from their suicide pact. From now on, I think that someone should take threats a little more seriously when it comes to kids like they are. In video games you could be, as the government puts it, trained like a killer just from video games. I don't believe that statement to be true, because if it were then we would have a 'holodeck'; from Star Trek.

Alternative Medicine And Placebo Effect Health And Social Care Essay

Alternate medical specialty is going more widely used, particularly in the United States wellness attention system and it is suggested that more than 80 % of the universe ‘s population usage complementary and alternate medical specialties ( CAMs ) ( Mainardi, Kapoor & A ; Bielory, 2009 ) . In 2000, a BBC study into the usage of CAM in the United Kingdom showed that one fifth of population had used some signifier of CAM in that twelvemonth ( Ernst & A ; White, 2000 ) . Alternate medical specialty takes the signifier of many methods. There are five chief classs of CAM which include ; alternate medical systems, biologically based therapies, manipulative therapies, mind-body theories and energy therapies ( Mainardi, Kapoor & A ; Bielory, 2009 ) . The most popular therapies in 2000 were osteopathy, chiropractic, stylostixis, homoeopathy and hypnotherapy ( Ernst & A ; White, 2000 ) . The term â€Å" placebo consequence † is normally used in the literature, but a consistent definition is yet to be agreed on ( Brinkhaus, Pach, Ludtke & A ; Willich, 2008 ) . The Latin definition of the word â€Å" placebo † means â€Å" I will delight † ( Niggemann, & A ; Gruber, 2006 ) which can be described as a positive curative result, happening after intercession of a physiological or psychological response ( Williamson & A ; Rankin-Box, 2009 ) , and can be dominated by ends, desires, outlooks and associated emotions ( Teixeira, Guedes, Barreto & A ; Martins, 2010 ) . The placebo consequence can be described as a neurophsyiological phenomenon ( Campbell, 2000 ) , and by looking at different illustrations of alternate medical specialty, the biological and psychological accounts of the consequence can be explored.AcupunctureAcupuncture is an ancient signifier of health care and focuses on handling unwellness through stimulation of the organic structure Ã¢â‚¬Ë œs self-healing powers ( Williamson & A ; Rankin-Box, 2009 ) . Acupuncture is based on ancient Chinese medical specialty and works to equilibrate the energy flow, â€Å" qi † , in the human organic structure by infixing acerate leafs into specific points on organic structure called â€Å" acupoints † which are located along â€Å" acmes † , which are the waies of energy in the organic structure ( Goddard, Shen, Steele & A ; Springer, 2005 ) . The effects of stylostixis on hurting can ensue in physiological and/or psychological responses of the organic structure, but grounds suggests there are biological foundations in this therapy ( Lundeberg, & A ; Stener-Victorin, 2002 ) . By looking at grounds for statements from a biological and psychological position, one can discourse the use of the placebo consequence in this type of alternate medical specialty. Biological Position Surveies utilizing antielectron emanation imaging ( PET ) and functional magnetic resonance imagination ( functional magnetic resonance imaging ) have demonstrated some biological grounds for the usage of stylostixis, proposing that there is more to the therapy than merely a curative consequence ( Teixeira et al. , 2010 ) . This can be explained by the activation of certain encephalon countries in the cardinal nervous system ( Goddard et al. , 2005 ) . With the usage of functional magnetic resonance imaging and PET scans, there is grounds that when specific points on the organic structure are subjected to acupuncture, there is activation in specific parts of the encephalon. This allows one to distinguish between existent stylostixis and outlook ( Lewith, White & A ; Pariente, 2005 ) , demoing that stylostixis does hold a biological account. The limbic system may besides be involved in the emotional production of laughter and shouting which is common in stylostixis ( Campbell, 2000 ) . Evidence demoing that there is inactivation of the amygdaloid nucleus and hypothalamus during stylostixis, implies that there is a specific function for the limbic system in stylostixis therapy ( Hui, Marina, Liu, Rosen & A ; Kwong, 2010 ) . Hui et Al. ‘s ( 2010 ) work supports the biological foundations in the usage of stylostixis, but besides recognises the of import function of emotion in the therapy, which would supply grounds for the use of the placebo consequence. Lundeberg and Stener-Victorin ( 2002 ) emphasis the importance of biological deductions in effects of stylostixis. They describe how the physiological stimulations of musculus contractions and certain organ maps are similar to effects of exercising, i.e. the release of endogenous opiods and Pitocin in both stylostixis and exercising ( Lundeberg, & A ; Stener-Victorin, 2002 ) . Lundeberg ‘s earlier survey with Andersson ( 1995 ) besides found that stylostixis excites the same receptors and afferent nervus fibers in the stirred tissue as in physical exercising ( Andersson & A ; Lundeberg, 1995 ) . Psychological Position Acupuncture is based on the organic structure ‘s self-healing powers ( Williamson & A ; Rankin-Box, 2009 ) , so there is ground to reason whether stylostixis effects are merely a psychological ( placebo ) response with small biological account ( Enck, Klosterhalfen & A ; Zipfel, 2010 ) . Goddard et Al. ( 2005 ) depict how the placebo consequence is utilised in therapy, non merely by the esthesis of the needle, but chiefly the attending, compassionate attention, self-awareness and transition of outlooks involved in the process ( Goddard et al. , 2005 ) . Expectation is a cardinal facet of non lone stylostixis, but many other types of alternate medical specialty. Astin et Al. ( 1998 ) conducted a reappraisal into why people use CAM and found that the chief grounds were ; the patient ‘s deficiency of response to conventional intervention, the patient ‘s petition, belief in efficaciousness and fewer inauspicious effects ( Astin, Marie, Pelletier, Hansen, & A ; Haskell, 1998 ) . It is the belief and outlook of utilizing alternate medical specialties which demonstrates grounds for the placebo consequence, and it is the people with high outlooks about the effects of stylostixis who show more response than those who do non believe in the intervention ( Teixeira et al. , 2010 ) . This psychological factor is of import in stylostixis as the effectivity of the intervention and reconstructing the natural flow of critical energy ( Hui et al. , 2010 ) involves bodily centripetal stimulation ( Andersson & A ; Lundberg, 1995 ) and if the patient does non believe in the procedure, they will non experience the same effects ( Goddard et al. , 2005 ) . Other facets of the therapy involve the attending and interaction between the patient and healer. A reappraisal into the increased usage of CAM in the UK showed that one of the factors forcing patients off from conventional wellness attention is the dissatisfaction of the patient-doctor relationship, which attracts people to a more holistic method where the intervention was more individualized ( Little, 2009 ) i.e. in alternate medical specialty. The individualized, manual scrutiny agencies increased communicating between the patient and healer and this societal communicating can be in the signifier of touch. The psychological importance of touch plays a cardinal function in stylostixis and the patient ‘s experience consequences in feelings of improved self-image, increased self-worth and well-being. These positive feelings are what patients base their beliefs about the effectivity of stylostixis on and believe their organic structure is mending ( Campbell, 2000 ) . This shows how alternate medical specialty utilises the placebo consequence where it is the patient ‘s belief that has the greatest impact on the efficiency of the therapy. The ambiance involved in alternate medical specialty plays a function in the result, and consequences show that when patients carry out their ain stylostixis after being taught the process, they report that their ain attempts are less successful than when the healer provides the attention ( Campbell, 2000 ) . This demonstrates once more the importance of psychological factors which provides grounds for the usage of the placebo consequence.HomeopathyHomeopathy falls under the alternate medical systems class of alternate medical specialty ( Mainardi, Kapoor & A ; Bielory, 2009 ) and can be defined as â€Å" a curative method utilizing readyings of substances whose effects when administered to healthy topics correspond to the use of the upset ( symptoms, clinical marks, pathological provinces ) in the single patient † ( Swayne, 2002, cited in Ernst, 2005 ) . It is a widely used type of alternate medical specialty and uses the basic premiss that â€Å" like is cured by like † ( Shang et al. , 2005 ) . Homeopathic medical specialty is used with the purpose of exciting a individual ‘s innate capacity for self-regulation and self-healing ( Weatherley-Jones, Thompson & A ; Thomas, 2004 ) . By researching the biological and psychological grounds, one can understand the use of the placebo consequence in this type of alternate medical specialty. Biological Position Homeopathic medical specialty can be used to supervise internal fluctuations via centripetal feedback through splanchnic or bodily perceptual experience, and patients interpret their feelings as positive or more negative emotional feelings ( Teixeira et al. , 2010 ) . This shows support for the biological position for utilizing alternate medical specialty, where patients construe how their internal organic structure province feels, which consequences in the healing procedure. Thompson ( 2010 ) looked into the usage of alternate medical specialty in menopausal adult females and chest malignant neoplastic disease subsisters, and provides grounds that reveals an association between intervention of homeopathic medical specialty and betterment of symptoms and quality of life for the patients ( Thompson, 2010 ) . Thompson discussed the clinical benefits of homoeopathy and concluded that the benefits can non be explained by the hypothesis that the therapy is merely a placebo consequence ( Thompson, 2010 ) . This grounds supports the impression that there is biological grounds behind homoeopathy, nevertheless, compared to acupuncture, there is significantly less grounds for this type of alternate medical specialty. Psychological Position Homeopathy is similar to acupuncture in the manner that the non-specific curative effects of the doctor-patient relationship, the personal intervention and deficiency of inauspicious effects all contribute to making positive outlooks of the therapy ( Teixeira et al. , 2010 ) . This relationship between outlook and the consequences of therapy provides grounds that this type of alternate medical specialty uses the placebo consequence, by trusting on patients ‘ beliefs that the therapy will work. Therapists might utilize techniques to reenforce these beliefs by utilizing verbal suggestions during the intervention and making a suited environment. The patient-therapist relationship plays a cardinal function in homeopathic therapy, and the healer can organize powerful confederations with their patients by sharing strong beliefs ( Shang et al. , 2005 ) . Homeopathy is a holistic method and focal points on handling the whole individual, so making non-therapeutic effects will heighten the patients ‘ beliefs that the therapy is mending them. It is besides the belief that the physicians understand the unwellness and the effects of the intervention that enhances the patients ‘ outlooks that the methods will work and therefore will increase their opportunities of recovery ( Margo, 1999 ) . Developing trust and strong relationships could take clip to organize, but over clip patients go more confident in the therapy, which consequences in new beliefs about wellness, unwellness and the organic structure being formed ( Barry, 2006 ) ( Weatherley-Jones, Thompson & A ; Thomas, 2004 ) . The grounds shows how the placebo consequence is utilised in homoeopathy by working towards a positive curative result ( Williamson & A ; Rankin-Box, 2009 ) , and maintained by developing patients ‘ outlooks of the alternate methods of intervention. Research has suggested that many scientists think that the usage and effects of homoeopathy violates natural Torahs and some conclude that any clinical consequence must be a placebo consequence ( Linde et al. , 1997 ) ( Niggemann & A ; Gruber, 2006 ) . However, one must take into consideration that this is simply another manner of looking at the grounds, and there is support for viing theories.To What Extent Does Alternative Medicine Utilise the Placebo Effect?By critically looking into the biological and psychological facets of stylostixis and homoeopathy, the extent to which the placebo consequence is utilised in these methods can be generalised to other types of alternate medical specialty. In footings of the grounds for both sta tements, stylostixis shows valid grounds that there is a biological footing back uping the therapy and surveies utilizing functional magnetic resonance imaging and PET scans have shown that specific encephalon countries are activated when specific acupoints are stimulated ( Teixeira et al. , 2010 ) ( Goddard et al. , 2005 ) ( Lewith, White & A ; Pariente, 2005 ) . Homeopathy besides has a biological footing behind the therapy and research has shown an association between homeopathic intervention and positive effects on patients ‘ wellness and quality of life ( Thompson, 2010 ) . There is a important sum of psychological support for the usage of alternate medical specialty, chiefly because alternate medical specialty is a move off from conventional medical specialty. A motivation for increased usage of alternate medical specialty develops when there is a deficiency of response to conventional intervention. The usage of CAM is prevailing in patients with Alzheimer ‘s disease, multiple induration, malignant neoplastic disease, A back jobs, anxiousness, concerns, and chronic hurting ( Astin et al. , 1998 ) , where there is no specific medical intervention. Astin et Al. ( 1998 ) predict that as the general population ages, the incidence of chronic unwellnesss will besides increase, which will take to increased usage of such interventions ( Astin et al. , 1998 ) . Other facets of the effectivity of such interventions are linked to the psychological experience involved. The ambiance, the patient-therapist relationship ( Barry, 2006 ) ( Weatherley-Jones, Thompson & A ; Thomas, 2004 ) ( Little, 2009 ) ( Campbell, 2000 ) and the outlooks of the results of alternate therapies ( Shang et al. , 2005 ) ( Margo, 1999 ) ( Teixeira et al. , 2010 ) ( Goddard et al. , 2005 ) are all key in both stylostixis and homoeopathy, which all contribute to the use of the placebo consequence. In decision, holding demonstrated the biological and psychological statements for the usage of the placebo consequence in stylostixis and homoeopathy, one can generalize to alternate medical specialty as a whole and say that the placebo consequence plays an of import function in the effectivity of these signifiers of interventions. There has been a high degree of research into the usage of alternate medical specialties, and although CAMs are widely used across the universe, there are few empirical surveies looking into the safety and efficiency of such interventions ( Tilburt et al. , 2009 ) . This is because alternate medical specialty plants by handling the individual as a whole, and efficiency of such methods rely on outlooks and belief on portion of the patient. This, hence, supports the impression that the placebo consequence plays a important function in the sensed result of alternate processs.Word count – 1959 words

Native Americans in the United States and Cheyenne Essay

Region: By the time the Americans met the Cheyenne Indians they were living on the Great Plains of South Dakota, Wyoming, Nebraska, Colorado and Kansas. The U. S. government forced the Cheyenne’s to move to Oklahoma during the 1800’s which the Cheyenne’s called â€Å"The Trail of Tears†. Some Cheyenne Indians escaped to the North into Montana. Today there are two Cheyenne tribes, one in Oklahoma and the other in Montana. Houses: Originally the Cheyenne’s lived in villages of earthen lodges and Birch bark â€Å"wigwams†. As they became Nomadic they used buffalo-hide to build houses called â€Å"Tee Pee†. They used the Tee Pee’s because they could set up and break down and were easy to carry so they could follow the buffalo herds. Food:. The Cheyenne were farmers in the beginning, the women harvested corn, squash and beans while the men hunted deer and buffalo. They mostly gave up farming and followed the buffalo’s as they moved across the Plains. Besides Buffalo meat the Cheyenne liked fish, fruit, berries and corn that they bought from other tribes. Language: The Cheyenne alphabet contains only fourteen (14) letters which can be combined to form words and phrases. Today the U. S. government is working to convert the Cheyenne to an English only speaking tribe. The Cheyenne are trying to keep their language alive. Tradition: Before the sun rose, the Cheyenne begin preparing for the day. The first task of the day was to build a fire. The Cheyenne women got water from the nearby stream. As it dawned the women made the morning meal while the boys herded the horses back into camp. The women taught the young girls the tradition and the men taught the young boys. Many men hunted game to provide the camp with food. As day turned into night, the Cheyenne people prepared for the evening meal. This was the liveliest event of the day in which music, dancing and various other activities took place. After a few hours, the camp became silent as people turned in for the night. An important Cheyenne custom is the smoking of the peace pipe. There are strict rules during the smoking of the pipe. A prayer is offered before the first smoke. Most men have their own specific way to smoke the peace pipe. Another tradition of the Cheyenne is storytelling, which can only be done by certain people. These stories are often related.

How to Write a Sociology Essay Ultimate Guide

How to Write a Sociology Essay Ultimate Guide Looking for advice on how to write a good sociology essay? Sociology is a science that systematically studies human society. Sociologists try to understand and explain the interaction of social groups and individuals. When writing sociology papers, you have to provide an effective sociological argument that balances structural constraints and individual agency. Actually, your task is to provide a strong sociological argument and make it as clear as possible in stating your thesis. Sociology essay writing can be a daunting task if you are a beginner in sociology and can’t boast of strong writing skills. But there is no need to feel frustrated about that. Writing skills can be learned if you work hard and practice a lot. Here is an easy guide to writing an impressive sociology essay where you can find all the essential information on all aspects of the writing and editing process. Keep reading to learn the secrets of writing on sociology topics. What Is a Sociology Essay? Sociology essay is a common assignment for students who take classes in sociology. This type of assignment is typically based on library research but it can also be based on empirical content. When writing a sociology essay, you have to provide an answer to a research question and argue convincingly for your answer to the assignment question that is called the assignment’s assertion. All assignments in sociology are argumentative and you have to convince your readers that your assertion is correct and to present the necessary information to support your argument in a specific order. That means that you have to structure your sociology essay in a specific way. All sociology essays typically consist of the introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion. If the topic for your essay was given by your instructor, you have to follow the directions provided in your assignment. You may be asked to write different types of essays for your sociology class. You can be assigned to: summarize a certain text; compare and contrast two texts; explain or interpret a passage; apply a theory; critique or evaluate an argument or a theory. How to Tackle Different Types of Sociology Essays: Quick Tips from Our Experts When you need to summarize a sociology text, you actually have to provide a brief overview of the piece of writing. You need to determine the most important points of the argument in a certain text and present them in the best possible way. It’s essential to include in your summary concrete key points and examples. When analyzing a quote or interpreting a passage, you have to keep a balance between explaining the given text and linking it to the text of the entire work. Remember that there different ways of being right when interpreting a passage. You need to identify the central argument and determine how it fits into the overall argument. When writing a compare and contrast sociology essay, you have to explore differences and similar features in two texts. You need to explain the argument and the evidence of two different texts. You should show that you understand both texts and are able to determine their similarities and differences. You need to create a strong thesis statement that unites the discussion of the texts. You can discuss whether one argument is more convincing than the other. Besides, you can speak about the strong points and weaknesses of both texts. You can organize your essays around the main points of comparison or around the theories of the authors. When your assignment is to evaluate arguments or theories, you have to demonstrate your critical thinking skills and your ability to think independently. When completing this type of assignment, you can use different strategies, for example, determine the weaknesses and strengths of the argument, find some important points in the text, and anticipate the counter-argument. If your assignment is to apply a theory, you need to find analytical concepts in your readings and apply them to interpreting some phenomenon you have observed. You can be assigned to conduct some research or analyze a single magazine article, movie, book, event, website or TV show. For example, you may be asked to analyze a film Office Space using the theory of bureaucracy by Weber. How to Choose Powerful Sociology Essay Topics If your professor hasn’t assigned a specific topic for your sociology essay, you have to choose a good topic yourself. You should choose your topic as early as possible to ensure that you will have enough time for writing it. Besides, you should think critically when choosing your topic and keep in mind that the success of your sociology essay will depend on a good sociological question. When selecting a topic for your essay, you can use different approaches: You can choose a topic you are interested in; You can write about a phenomenon or a concept that is not familiar to you and challenge yourself; You can pick a broad topic and narrow it to focus on some small issue and dig deeply for new ideas. Lack interesting ideas for sociology essay topics? Feel free to use some form our short list. The Culture of Poverty What is the Impact of the Technological Progress on the People’s Health? Benefits of Real Friendship Moral Norms and Deviations What are the Long-term Effects of Child Abuse? How Do Divorces Affect Children? Superstitions in Japan Key Features of Mayan Culture Food Traditions in Rich and Poor Areas Anti-vaccination Movement History of Suffragettes Civil Rights Movement How Are Women and Men Treated Differently in Media? What Are the Messages Promoted by the Contemporary Music? Common Attitudes Toward GMOs What Caused the Rise of the Organic Farming? Importance of Food Education Social Networking in Modern Society Nationality and Pride Effects of Racial Stereotypes How to Make an Outline for Your Sociology Essay When writing your sociology essay, you should use complex, sophisticated, and creative ways to structure your key ideas. Creating an outline, you’ll be able to find out if your key points connect to each other or if there are gaps in your thinking. It will help you stay focused and organized and ensure that your sociology essay is coherent. Before you start creating an outline, you need to determine the purpose of your essay and your audience and formulate your thesis statement/research question. You can use 2 approaches when creating an outline for your sociology essay: the sentence outline that is made of full sentences; the topic outline that is made of short phrases. When making a basic outline, you should follow certain steps: Determine the research problem; Determine the key categories; Make the first category; Determine subcategories. Keep in mind that there are no rules that determine which approach is the best so you can use either the sentence outline or the topic outline. Of course, you should be consistent and stick to a certain approach. You can also arrange the key points of your outline in the chronological order. Work on the Essay Structure You should outline a detailed structure of what you plan to include in your sociology essay. You’d better start with the main sections and experiment with different sequences filling every section with the necessary information. You can outline your argument in an abbreviated form to get an idea of if it is logical and identify possible gaps in it. You can add necessary information where it is suitable. When you start writing your sociology essay, this structure can serve as headings for different sections of your essay. Make sure your headings are brief and clearly state the key ideas of every section. If you do it this way, you will be able to work on your essay writing any section in the middle of your essay without having finished the previous ones. That will make the writing process easier. Write a Draft Start writing your sociology essay early so you will have enough time for completing it on time. The writing process is time-consuming and requires hard work. Keep in mind that no one can write a strong essay from the beginning to the end without revising, rewriting, adding, deleting or moving different parts of the content. Start with an Introduction In this part, you have to present your research question/thesis statement and demonstrate that it will be interesting to find the answer. You have to explain the significance of your topic and outline the key points of your argument to help your readers follow your logic. You can also provide a hint on your assertion, saying something like †I will argue that†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . During the writing process, you should stay focused on your assertion, even if you change it as the work progresses. Here is a recipe for an introduction to your sociology essay: the research question/thesis statement; the key reasons why the topic is important; major points; an assertion and answer to your research question. Provide the Background Information To help your readers follow your essay and ensure that they will be able to assess your argument, you need to provide them with some basic information that introduces your topic, describes the key problems, and briefly explains theories, concepts, and empirical findings. You should include here any relevant information for your research question and your assertion. You can also give an account of the previous research on your topic and explain why it is important for your research question. For example, if your assignment is to make an investigation about the reasons of unemployment of people with criminal records, you have to provide information from the previous research that proves that former prison inmates face difficulties when searching for jobs. Discuss Your Research Question In this part, you have to offer the line of argumentation. There is no need to be dogmatic. You can just state that there isn’t an unambiguous answer to your research question. For instance, you can provide an argument for the assertion that we can’t fully determine the reasons why women earn less than men. If you are assessing two theories that explain a social phenomenon, you should discuss the strengths and weaknesses of every theory, addressing different elements of the social phenomenon. You should make clear points that support your argument in different ways. To make your sociology essay orderly and easy-to-read, you should devote every new paragraph to a new point. You should start each paragraph with a topic sentence and then provide supporting arguments and relevant evidence. Take into account all possible relevant objections and treat them seriously. Be creative to anticipate how your future readers may critically assess your argument. You need to provide clear answers and prove that those objections are irrelevant. Write a Conclusion In this part of your sociology essay, you should emphasize your findings and state once more why they are significant. You can restate your assertion more confidently because you have already shown your audience why it’s the most correct and the most reasonable answer to your research question. You can also give some recommendations and provide suggestions for further research. This part shouldn’t include any new information – you should make it as brief as possible. Revise Your Sociology Essay Be ready to write more than one draft of your essay. First drafts are full of confusions, errors, omissions, and bad writing. If you want to make your essay perfect, you will need to revise it and rewrite it in whole or in part several times. When revising your essay, you will be able to expand your argument, improve your analysis, and make links between your arguments. You can add some information, make changes in the content, move your parts or delete them, rework sentences and paragraphs. A good idea is to ask someone to read your sociology essay to point out mistakes and suggest improvements. You can ask your family member or a roommate to do that. When your final draft is ready, you need to proofread it and eliminate minor grammar, spelling, and punctuation mistakes and typos. You should aim for the economy of the language and the precision. Proofreading your sociology essay will be easier if you read it aloud. Remember that a revision takes time so don’t put it off till the last day before your deadline.

Nursing Implications for Creating and Maintaing a Restraint-Free Unit Research Paper

Nursing Implications for Creating and Maintaing a Restraint-Free Unit Uviversity of Central Florida - Research Paper Example Alternatives to physical and chemical restraints are explored in this research review, as well as the nursing implications for creating and maintaining a unit that is restraint-free. A restraint free environment in the ICU is a situation where there is nothing that restricts the movement of the patient in the ICU. In restraint ICU, the patient is not allowed to make any movements by either controlling them physically with physical devices that limit their movements. Most hospitals today work towards having restraint free environments that would not restrict the movement of patients. To achieve this, nurses have a very important role in the creation and maintenance of the restraint free environments. The philosophy of nurses suggests that nursing includes taking care of someone by showing them love and concern. â€Å"This love and concern must also include the use of professional care for the patient† (Benbenbishty, 2010). When taking care of someone, the nurse has to ensure th at both his and her emotional, physical, and spiritual needs are met. It is also important for a nurse to ensure that while taking care of the patient, they must treat them with respect and dignity and to ensure that their needs and wishes are met. Nurses also have to realize that everyone ages, that aging is a very natural process, and that the old are human beings. This means that every nurse has the responsibility of taking care of the old with respect and not as people who are undergoing both mental and physical deterioration. Nurses also have to ensure that while taking care of a patient, their ultimate aim should be to rehabilitate, and maintain every patient in such a way that they enjoy their daily living in relation to their level of quality of life. It is, therefore, the responsibility of the nurses to ensure that a restraint free environment is created in the ICU. This is because as one patient is restrained, any or all of the above aims may be violated, hence leading to the violation of the nurse’s act. Therefore, nurses have a major role to play in the creation and maintaining of a restraint free ICU. They have to do this so as to fulfill their professional requirements and at the same time to act like human beings and to treat other people not as animals but as fellow humans. Since restraint causes a lot of pain and restrictions to the patient, it should be the main aim of every nurse to do away with it. In the event that the nurses create an environment that is free of any reins taint, then a lot will be achieved. First, the nurses would have fulfilled their career objective of providing an environment that is comfortable and that the wish of the patient can be put into consideration. To achieve this, however, there has to be a lot of increased responsibility on the nurses’ side. First, they have to increase the amount of time that they have to use in taking care of the patient. This also means that since no restriction is availabl e, then nurses have to ensure that they are always there for their patients so that they do not get hurt, especially those who may have some mental problems. Nurses also have to ensure that they closely monitor every patient to know who needs more care. It is also very important that for a free restrain to be effective, nurses have to reduce their level of carelessness and to know the kind of materials that should be kept away from the patient. Even though there is

Journal Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Journal - Assignment Example Nevertheless, some people do not treat Wheatley as an antislavery writer. This is one of the racial prejudices I need to face while marketing her books. Moreover, it is still unknown why a slave writer was silent about her miserable fate. There is a point of view that Phillis just wrote the poems that were popular at her time. In any case, nobody has proved this thought yet. The best variant to learn the truth is to buy and read Wheatley’s poems and try to find out this information between the lines of marvellous rhyming. Phillis Wheatley’s books have several important qualities that contribute to the popularity of these writings and make the works of this author very popular on any book market. One of the most essential ones is that Phillis’s works are a complicated blend of African and Anglo-American literary traditions. This writer inherited the features found in her books from West African past. It is not very difficult to note that this poet’s works i nclude her anticipation of the literary conventions of Romanticism. According to the critics’ point of view, Wheatley applied Coleridge’s theories of the secondary imagination. It is very useful to read Phillis’s works for those, who are interested in the history of literature.